Care guide
Caring for rats
Pet rats live 2 to 3 years and are clever, affectionate and social. They need at least one same-sex companion, a large multi-level cage and time out every day.
Never alone
Keep rats in same-sex groups of two or more; a lone rat gets lonely and stressed. Introduce new rats slowly.
Cage and free-roam time
Choose a tall cage with solid floors and shelves, hammocks, hides and chews, and let them out to explore a rat-proofed area for an hour or more every day.
Use paper bedding; pine and cedar irritate their sensitive lungs.
Health
Rats are prone to breathing infections; porphyrin (red staining) around the eyes and nose, sneezing or noisy breathing mean a vet visit. Females often develop lumps as they age; check them weekly.
Feed a rat block as the main diet, with vegetables and a little protein. Avoid sugary and fatty treats.
Play and training
Rats learn their names, tricks and litter habits with treats and patience. Puzzle toys and foraging keep them busy.
Further reading
General information to help you prepare, not veterinary advice. Every animal is different: ask an experienced vet about yours. Reviewed by PerfectPal on October 13, 2026.